Five global monthly top-of-atmosphere (TOA) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) products are evaluated in this study, including the derived from High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), CM SAF cLoud, Albedo surface RAdiation dataset AVHRR data (CLARA), Global Water Cycle EXchanges (GEWEX)...

Accurate determination of the amount of incoming solar radiation at Earth’s surface is important for both climate studies and solar power applications. Satellite-based datasets of solar radiation offer wide spatial and temporal coverage, but careful validation of their quality is a necessary prerequisite for reliable utilization. Here we study the retrieval quality of one polar-orbiting satelli...

Introduction: Asteroid (1) Ceres is a unique asteroid , or dwarf planet, yet to be well understood. Classified as G-type [1], Ceres has been generally considered to consist of carbonaceous chondrite material [2]. The weak but complex spectral features in the 3-µm region of the spectrum of Ceres has been known for a long time, but no agreement has been reached on the identification of the specif...

We present cut-elimination as a method of proof mining, in the sense that hidden mathematical information can be extracted by eliminating lemmas from proofs. We present reductive methods for cutelimination and the method ceres (cut-elimination by resolution). A comparison of ceres with reductive methods is given and it is shown that the asymptotic behavior of ceres is superior to that of reduct...

The goal of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is to provide a long-term record of radiation budget at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA), within the atmosphere, and at the surface with consistent cloud and aerosol properties at climate accuracy [1]. CERES consists of an integrated instrument-algorithm-validation science team that provides development of higher-level prod...